Display apparatus and computing apparatus including the same

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes: a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, at least one vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the vibration module.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/126,870, filed on Dec. 18, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/534,454, filed on Aug. 7, 2019, whichclaims the benefit of and priority to Korean Patent Applications No.10-2018-0113072, filed on Sep. 20, 2018, the entirety of each of whichis hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus and a computingapparatus including the same.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

Generally, display apparatuses may be equipped in home appliances orelectronic devices, such as televisions (TVs), monitors, notebookcomputers, smartphones, tablet computers, electronic organizers,electronic pads, wearable devices, watch phones, portable informationdevices, navigation devices, and automotive control display apparatuses,and are used as a screen for displaying an image. Display apparatusesmay include a display panel for displaying an image and a sound devicefor outputting a sound associated with the image.

However, in display apparatuses, such as TVs and monitors, because asound output from a sound device may travel toward a rearward or adownward direction of the display apparatus, sound quality may bedegraded due to interference between sound reflected from a wall and theground. As such, an immersion experience of a viewer may be reduced.

Moreover, in sound devices (or speakers) included in general computingapparatuses, such as notebook computers or tablet computers, it isdifficult to realize high sound quality, and particularly, a base soundof a low-pitched sound is not sufficient. Also, as system bodies arereduced in weight and miniaturized, it is difficult to a low-pitchedsound of about 1 kHz or less and a high-pitched sound of about 4 kHz ormore. Furthermore, sound devices of general computing apparatuses aredisposed on a lower side of a keyboard and a floor, a left side surface,and a right side surface of a body, and are spaced apart from a screen.As such, an immersion experience of a viewer is reduced due to a senseof difference (or mismatch) caused by a distance difference between animage and a sound. In other words, in speakers of general computingapparatuses, because an output direction of a sound is not a directiontoward the ears of a viewer, a sound having a middle- or high-pitchedsound band of about 2 kHz or more having strong linearity is notdirectly transferred to a viewer, and may be lost or distorted.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a display apparatusand a computing apparatus including the same that substantially obviateone or more of the issues due to limitations and disadvantages of therelated art.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatusand a computing apparatus including the same that output sound using avibration of a display module and/or a display panel.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a displayapparatus and a computing apparatus including the same, in which a soundcharacteristic of a low-pitched sound band is improved.

Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the descriptionthat follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or maybe learned by practice of the inventive concepts provided herein. Otherfeatures and aspects of the inventive concepts may be realized andattained by the structure particularly pointed out in the writtendescription, or derivable therefrom, and the claims hereof as well asthe appended drawings.

To achieve these and other aspects of the inventive concepts as embodiedand broadly described, there is provided a display apparatus, including,a display module including a display panel configured to display animage, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, aconnection member between the rear surface of the display module and thevibration plate, at least one vibration module on the vibration plate,and an enclosure between the display module and the vibration plate, theenclosure being spaced apart from the at least one vibration module, theenclosure surrounding at least one the vibration module.

In another aspect, there is provided a computing apparatus, including: asystem body, a display apparatus, including: a display module includinga display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on arear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rearsurface of the display module and the vibration plate, a vibrationmodule on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the rear surfaceof the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure beingspaced apart from the vibration module, the enclosure surrounding thevibration module, and a hinge part between the system body and thedisplay apparatus, the hinge part being configured to rotatably supportthe display apparatus.

Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or will become,apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the followingfigures and detailed description. It is intended that all suchadditional systems, methods, features and advantages be included withinthis description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and beprotected by the following claims. Nothing in this section should betaken as a limitation on those claims. Further aspects and advantagesare discussed below in conjunction with embodiments of the disclosure.It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present disclosure areexamples and explanatory, and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the disclosure as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, that may be included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure andtogether with the description serve to explain various principles of thedisclosure.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a computing apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ illustrated inFIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an enclosure according to a first embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 9 illustrates an enclosure according to a second embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 10 illustrates an enclosure according to a third embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 11 illustrates an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 12 illustrates an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 13 illustrates an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 14 illustrates a computing apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus according to acomparative example.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to acomparative example, and a total harmonic distortion characteristic of acomputing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 24 is a graph showing experimental results of a sound pressurecharacteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparativeexample, and a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwisedescribed, the same drawing reference numerals should be understood torefer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative sizeand depiction of these elements may be exaggerated for clarity,illustration, and convenience.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, examples of which may be illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. In the following description, when a detailed description ofwell-known functions or configurations related to this document isdetermined to unnecessarily cloud a gist of the inventive concept, thedetailed description thereof will be omitted. The progression ofprocessing steps and/or operations described is an example; however, thesequence of steps and/or operations is not limited to that set forthherein and may be changed as is known in the art, with the exception ofsteps and/or operations necessarily occurring in a particular order.Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout. Names of therespective elements used in the following explanations are selected onlyfor convenience of writing the specification and may be thus differentfrom those used in actual products.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc.May be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. For example, a first element could be termed asecond element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a firstelement, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The term “at least one” should be understood as including any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example,the meaning of “at least one of a first item, a second item, and a thirditem” denotes the combination of all items proposed from two or more ofthe first item, the second item, and the third item as well as the firstitem, the second item, or the third item.

In the description of embodiments, when a structure is described asbeing positioned “on or above” or “under or below” another structure,this description should be construed as including a case in which thestructures contact each other as well as a case in which a thirdstructure is disposed therebetween. The size and thickness of eachelement shown in the drawings are given merely for the convenience ofdescription, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may bepartially or overall coupled to or combined with each other, and may bevariously inter-operated with each other and driven technically as thoseskilled in the art can sufficiently understand. Embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be carried out independently from each other, ormay be carried out together in co-dependent relationship.

Hereinafter, a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including thesame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1 , a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a display module 100, avibration plate 200, a connection member 300, a vibration module 400,and an enclosure 500. The display module 100 may include a display panel110 that may display an image. The display panel 110 may be configuredto display the image via a front surface thereof. A rear surface of thedisplay panel may be defined as a surface of the display panel oppositeto the front surface thereof and/or facing away from the front surfacethereof. The display module 100 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include a first rear region and a second rearregion, which may be parallel to each other, and may be parallel to arear middle portion. The first rear region, the second rear region andthe rear middle portion may be included in a rear surface of the displaymodule. The rear surface of the display module 100 may be defined as asurface of the display module opposite or facing away from the rearsurface of the display module 100, which may correspond to a frontsurface of the display module 100. The front surface of the displaymodule 100 may correspond to a front surface of the display panel 110.That is, the front surface of the display module 100 may correspond to asurface of the display module 100 via which an image may be displayed.

The display panel 110 may be any type of display panel, such as a liquidcrystal display panel, a light-emitting display panel, anelectrophoresis display panel, a micro light-emitting diode displaypanel, a plasma display panel, an electro wetting display panel, and aquantum dot light-emitting display panel. Hereinafter, for convenienceof description, a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including thedisplay panel 110 or a light-emitting display apparatus including alight-emitting display panel will be described for example, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The vibration plate 200 may be coupled or connected to the displaymodule 100 by the coupling or connection member 300. The vibration plate200 according to an embodiment may be formed in a plate shape, includinga metal material, and may face a rear surface of the display module 100.For example, the vibration plate 200 may have the same size as that ofthe rear surface of the display module 100, or may have a size thatenables the vibration plate 200 to cover the whole rear surface of thedisplay module 100. Similarly, a front surface of the vibration plate200 may be defined as a surface of the vibration plate 200 facing therear surface of the display module 100. A rear surface of the vibrationplate 200 may be defined as a surface of the vibration plate 200opposite to or facing away from the front surface of the vibration plate200.

The vibration plate 200 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include one or more of: magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), anAl alloy material, a Mg alloy material, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloymaterial. For example, the Mg alloy material may include one or more of:Al, zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). The Mg alloy material may be a verylightweight metal material of a mechanism structure, may have relativelyhigh non-rigidity (intensity/specific gravity), and relatively highvibration-damping capacity (e.g., capacity to absorb and progressivelyreduce vibration), and may have good dimension stability with respect toa variation of a temperature and over time.

When the vibration plate 200 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure includes one of the above-described materials, a fine soundmay be realized due to a reactivity (a response time) of a fast soundbased on a density, and a sound having a whole sound band including alow-pitched sound band to a high-pitched sound band may be realizedbased on a fast sound speed due to high non-rigidity. Also, wheninternal loss is large due to high vibration-damping capacity, undesiredvibration may not occur. Thus, a residual sound and a reflected sound ora resonance sound may be suppressed or reduced, thereby enabling anoriginal sound to be reproduced or generated. Also, the vibration plate200 may have high elasticity. Thus, a high-pitched sound of about 40 kHzor more may be realized.

The vibration plate 200 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be on the rear surface of the display module 100 with afirst air gap AG1 therebetween by the coupling or connection member 300,and thus, may cover the rear surface of the display module 100, and maybe spaced apart from the rear surface of the display module 100. Forexample, the vibration plate 200 may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm to2.0 mm, e.g., for enhancing a sound of a high-pitched sound band. Forexample, if the thickness of the vibration plate 200 is less than 0.1mm, it may be difficult to maintain flatness of the vibration plate 200,and the vibration plate 200 may be torn when vibrating. On the otherhand, if the thickness of the vibration plate 200 is more than about 2.0mm, the vibration plate 200 may be suitable for realizing a sound of alow-pitched sound band, rather than a sound of the high-pitched soundband.

The connection member 300 may be between the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 and the vibration plate 200. Thus, the first air gap AG1 maybe provided between the rear surface of the display module 100 and thevibration plate 200. For example, the first air gap AG1 may be a sealedspace, sealed by the connection member 300, between the rear surface ofthe display module 100 and the vibration plate 200. That is, theconnection member 300 may be between the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 and a front surface of the vibration plate 200.

The connection member 300 may be between an edge or a periphery of thevibration plate 200 and a periphery of the rear surface of the displaymodule 100. Thus, the vibration plate 200 may be fixed to the rearsurface of the display module 100, and the first air gap AG1 may beprovided between the rear surface of the display module 100 and thevibration plate 200. The first air gap AG1 may be a vibration space thatmay enable the vibration plate 200 to vibrate, and may enable thedisplay module 100 to vibrate based on the vibration of the vibrationplate 200.

The connection member 300 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a double-sided adhesive tape and/or an adhesiveresin. The double-sided adhesive tape may include a pad or a foam padhaving a certain height (or a certain thickness). The adhesive resin mayinclude an acryl-based material or a urethane-based material, but is notlimited thereto. For example, to minimize or reduce a vibration of thevibration plate 200 directly transferred to the display module 100, theadhesive resin may include the urethane-based material having arelatively ductile characteristic rather than the acryl-based material.

The vibration module 400 may be on the vibration plate 200, and mayvibrate according to a sound driving signal (or a vibration drivingsignal) input thereto to allow the vibration plate 200 to vibrate. Thevibration module 400 may include a plurality of vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430 respectively attached to or provided on thevibration plate 200 by first and second adhesive members 412 and 432.For example, the vibration module 400 may be on the front surface of thevibration plate 200.

The vibration module 400 may include a first vibration-generating device410 and a second vibration-generating device 430. The firstvibration-generating device 410 may be disposed in a first rear regionof the display module 100. For example, the first vibration-generatingdevice 410 may be attached to or provided on one side or portion of thevibration plate 200 overlapping the first rear region of the displaymodule 100 by the first adhesive member 412. The secondvibration-generating device 430 may be disposed in, or may correspondto, a second rear region of the display module 100. For example, thesecond vibration-generating device 430 may be attached to or provided onthe other side or portion of the vibration plate 200 overlapping thesecond rear region of the display module 100 by the second adhesivemember 432.

The first and second adhesive members 412 and 432 may each include adouble-sided tape and/or a naturally-curable adhesive. The first andsecond adhesive members 412 and 432 may each include a thermocurableadhesive and/or a photocurable adhesive. For example, a characteristicof the first and second vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may bereduced by heat used in a curing process of curing the first and secondadhesive members 412 and 432.

Each of the first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be disposed on a front surface of the vibrationplate 200 to face the rear surface of the display module 100. Forexample, to reduce or prevent the rear surface of the display module 100from physically contacting the first and second vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430, which may vibrate based on the sound driving signalinput thereto, the first and second vibration-generating devices 410 and420 may be spaced apart from the rear surface of the display module 100by a predetermined distance, and a distance between the display module100 and each of the first and second vibration-generating devices 410and 430 may be set based on a height (or a thickness) of the connectionmember 300. Therefore, the connection member 300 may have a height (or athickness) that may be relatively greater than a distance between thefront surface of the vibration plate 200 and a front surface of each ofthe first and second vibration-generating devices 410 and 430, withrespect to a thickness direction Z of the display module 100, therebypreventing or reducing the first and second vibration-generating devices410 and 430 from being damaged by direct physical contact between thedisplay module 100 and each of the first and second vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430.

The first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may each have a first length along a first directionX, and may each have a second length along a second direction Yintersecting the first direction X. For example, the first length ofeach of the first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430 may be shorter than the second length,but is not limited thereto. For example, the first length of each of thefirst vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430 may be equal to or longer than thesecond length. The first direction may correspond to a width or a widthdirection of the display module and/or the display panel. The seconddirection may correspond to a height or a height direction of thedisplay module and/or the display panel. In another example, each of thefirst vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 420 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be on a rear surface of the vibration plate 200opposite to the front surface of the vibration plate 200.

Each of the first and second vibration-generating devices 410 and 430according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include apiezoelectric material layer having a piezoelectric effect, a firstelectrode on a front surface of the piezoelectric material layer, and asecond electrode on a rear surface of the piezoelectric material layer.The piezoelectric material layer may include a piezoelectric materialthat may vibrate in accordance with an electric field. For example, thepiezoelectric material may have a characteristic in which, as pressureis applied to or twisting occurs in a crystalline structure due to anexternal force, a potential difference may be caused by dielectricpolarization based on a relative position change of a positive (+) ionand a negative (−) ion, and vibration may occur due to an electric fieldbased on an applied voltage.

The piezoelectric material layer according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include a polymer material-containingpiezoelectric material, a thin-film material-containing piezoelectricmaterial, a composite material-containing piezoelectric material, and/ora single crystalline ceramic or polycrystalline ceramic-containingpiezoelectric material. Examples of the polymer material-containingpiezoelectric material include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFe), and P(VDFTeFE).Examples of the thin-film material-containing piezoelectric materialinclude zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium sulfide (CdS), and aluminum nitride(AlN). Examples of the composite material-containing piezoelectricmaterial include lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) (e.g., PZT-PVDF), PZT-silicon rubber, PZT-epoxy, PZT-foampolymer, and PZT-foam urethane. Examples of the single crystallineceramic-containing piezoelectric material include one or more of:alpha-aluminum phosphate (.—AlPO₄, berlinate), alpha-silicon dioxide(.—SiO₂), lithium niobate (LiNbO₃), terbium molydbate (Tb₂(MoO₄)₃),lithium borate (or lithium tetraborate) (Li₂B₄O₇), and ZnO. Examples ofthe polycrystalline ceramic-containing piezoelectric material include aPZT-based material, a lead titanate (PT)-based material, a PZT-complexperovskite-based material, and barium titanate (BaTiO₃).

The first electrode and the second electrode according to an embodimentof the present disclosure may overlap each other with the piezoelectricmaterial layer therebetween. The first electrode and the secondelectrode may each include an opaque metal material that may berelatively low in resistance, and may have a good heat dissipationcharacteristic, but is not limited thereto. For example, the firstelectrode and the second electrode may each include a transparentconductive material and/or a conductive polymer material.

The first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 420 may each have a relatively small area,and thus, may have a sound characteristic of the high-pitched soundband, thereby increasing a frequency characteristic of the high-pitchedsound band and a sound pressure of the high-pitched sound band of asound generated based on a vibration of the display module 100. Forexample, a frequency of the high-pitched sound band may be, for example,about 3 kHz or more, but is not limited thereto.

The enclosure 500 may be spaced apart from the vibration module 400, maybe between the rear surface of the display module 100 and the vibrationplate 200, and may surround the vibration module 400. Therefore, theenclosure 500 may provide a second air gap AG2 surrounding the vibrationmodule 400 and/or may be included in the first air gap AG1 between therear surface of the display module 100 and the vibration plate 200provided by the connection member 300. For example, the second air gapAG2 may be a sealed space or a vibration space, sealed by the enclosure500, between the rear surface of the display module 100 and thevibration plate 200, e.g., the front surface of the vibration plate 200,which may face each other with the vibration module 400 therebetween.The enclosure 500 may surround by the connection member 300.

The enclosure 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay be a double-sided adhesive tape having a certain height (or acertain thickness). For example, the enclosure 500 may include one ormore of: a double-sided tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and adouble-sided foam tape. One surface of the enclosure 500 may be attachedto or provided on the rear surface of the display module 100, and theother surface of the enclosure 500 may be attached to or provided on thefront surface of the vibration plate 200. The enclosure 500 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may be near the vibration module400, and may reduce or prevent or attenuate an undesired vibration ofthe vibration plate 200 caused by a vibration of the vibration module400.

The vibration plate 200 may have a plate shape having a relatively widesize (or an area). Thus, a horizontal vibration or eccentricallyvibration caused by a vibration of the vibration module 400 may occur.When a vibration signal of 1 kHz is input, a whole portion of thevibration plate 200 may vibrate at the same 1 kHz, but when the wholeportion of the vibration plate 200 does not vibrate at the samefrequency, the horizontal vibration may occur. The horizontal vibrationmay cause an undesired vibration of the vibration plate 200. When ruband buzz or noise occurs due to the horizontal vibration or theundesired vibration of the vibration plate 200, the total harmonicdistortion (THD) of the vibration plate 200 may increase. For example,when the vibration plate 200 is vibrating, an excessive peak vibrationmay occur due to mutual overlapping in a peripheral region of thevibration module 400, or an excessive dip vibration may occur due tomutual offset, thereby decreasing a sound pressure characteristic and asound quality characteristic.

The total harmonic distortion characteristic occurs when, due to anonlinearity of a sound device such as a speaker, a signal that is notactually input appears in an output, and is a method of showing anonlinearity of a sound device. For example, the total harmonicdistortion characteristic occurs when a pure tone or a pure sound isinput to a sound device, and a frequency that was not input appears inan output due to harmonic distortion in which harmonics corresponding toan integer multiple, such as two times, three times, and four times, ofthe pure sound appear in an output. The harmonic distortion may occurwhen a sound source signal equal to or greater than an input limit of asound device is input, and a waveform may be clipped, and may occurwhen, as a harmonic component increases, a total harmonic distortioncharacteristic value increases, and distortion of a waveform may besevere.

The total harmonic distortion characteristic may be represented as aratio of a sum of root mean square (RMS) values of total harmonics to anRMS value of a basis wave. For example, the total harmonic distortioncharacteristic may be represented as a rate (%) at which a frequency,other than 1 kHz, occurs when a vibration signal of 1 kHz is input. Thetotal harmonic distortion characteristic may occur when, as a harmoniccomponent increases, a high value is obtained. As a total harmonicdistortion characteristic value increases, distortion of a waveform maybe severe.

For example, when noise is in a sound source, the noise may be amplifiedalong with the sound source when amplifying the sound source, and due tothis, the total harmonic distortion characteristic may increase. Whenrub and buzz occur due to a vibration of the vibration plate 200, thetotal harmonic distortion characteristic may increase. As the totalharmonic distortion characteristic increases, a ratio of an originalsound may be reduced to cause distortion of the original sound ordecrease a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic. For example, when the display apparatus, which outputs asound according to a vibration of the display module 100, has a totalharmonic distortion characteristic of 5% or less in a sound band ofabout 2 kHz or more and has a total harmonic distortion characteristicof 15% or less in a sound band of less than about 2 kHz, a soundpressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may beenhanced.

The enclosure 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay be in a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate 200, andmay surround the vibration module 400, and may act as a damper whichprevents (or attenuates) a horizontal vibration (or an undesiredvibration) of the vibration plate 200, thereby decreasing the totalharmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate 200 to enhancethe sound quality and sound pressure characteristic of the displayapparatus. For example, a first distance between the enclosure 500 andeach of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be a distancethat may be one to three times the first length of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, with respect to the firstdirection X. Also, a second distance between the enclosure 500 and eachof the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be a distance thatmay be half (0.5) to 1.5 times the second length of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, with respect to the seconddirection Y.

The enclosure 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay include a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure 530. The firstenclosure 510 may be between the rear surface of the display module 100and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the firstvibration-generating device 410, and may prevent or attenuate ahorizontal vibration or an undesired vibration of the vibration plate200 occurring near the first vibration-generating device 410. The secondenclosure 530 may be between the rear surface of the display module 100and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the secondvibration-generating device 430, and may prevent or attenuate ahorizontal vibration or an undesired vibration of the vibration plate200 occurring near the second vibration-generating device 430.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a system rear cover 600. The system rearcover 600 may accommodate the display module 100 and the vibration plate200 coupled or connected to the vibration module 400. The system rearcover 600 may include a rear structure 610 and a side structure 630.

The rear structure 610, an outermost rear structure on a rear surface ofthe display apparatus, may support the display module 100, and may coveror overlap the rear surface of the vibration plate 200 with a third airgap AG3 therebetween. The side structure 630, an outermost sidestructure on a side surface of the display apparatus, may be provided onan edge or in a periphery of the rear structure 610, and may cover sidesurfaces of the display module 100 and side surfaces of the vibrationplate 200 with a border gap BG therebetween.

The system rear cover 600 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a rear sound member 650. The rear soundmember 650 may be in an inner corner portion of the system rear cover600. For example, the rear sound member 650 may protrude from a cornerportion of each of the rear structure 610 and the side structure 630, ormay be installed in the corner portion of each of the rear structure 610and the side structure 630. For example, the rear sound member 650 maybe referred to as a “sound guide member,” “rear sound guide member,” ora “rear sound guider,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The rear sound member 650 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include an inclined surface or a curved surface, eachfacing the third air gap AG3 and the border gap BG. The rear soundmember 650 may guide a traveling path of a rear sound, traveling towardthe border gap BG via the third air gap AG3, in a direction toward afront surface of the display panel 110. For example, a rear sound RSW,which may be generated in the third air gap AG3 based on a vibration ofthe vibration plate 200, may be output in a direction toward the frontsurface of the display panel 110, and thus, may be an edge sound orperiphery sound ESW.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the display module 100, which may vibrate basedon a vibration of the vibration plate 200, which may perform based on avibration of the vibration module 400 based on a sound driving signalinput thereto. Thus, the display module 100 may output a first soundwave, e.g., a panel sound PSW, generated based on the vibration of thedisplay module 100, toward a forward region in front of the displaypanel 110, thereby outputting a high-quality sound of a broad soundband, realizing a sound field that may fully fill a whole screen, andmay enhance an immersion experience of a viewer due to harmony (ormatch) between an image and a sound.

Also, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the enclosure 500, which may be near thevibration module 400 to prevent (or attenuate) a horizontal vibration ofthe vibration plate 200, which may vibrate based on a vibration of thevibration module 400. Thus, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 may be reduced, thereby enhancing soundquality and a sound pressure characteristic.

Also, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a first sound wave or panel sound PSW may be generated basedon the vibration of the display module 100, and may be directly outputtoward the forward region in front of the display panel 110. Further, asecond sound wave or rear sound (or a vibration sound of a vibrationplate) or edge or periphery sound ESW may be generated based on thevibration of the vibration plate 200, and may be output toward theforward region in front of the display panel 110 via the third air gapAG3 and the border gap BG, instead of toward a rearward region behindand/or a downward region under the display panel 110, thereby accuratelytransferring a sound and improving sound quality to increase animmersion experience of a viewer. For example, a sound having a middle-or high-pitched sound band of about 2 kHz to 20 kHz may have a stronglinearity. Thus, even when the sound is output toward the ears of aviewer, the sound may be transferred to the viewer without being lost orwithout the sound being distorted. However, a sound of the middle- orhigh-pitched sound band, which may be output from a lower speaker and/ora rear speaker equipped in a related art display apparatus, cannot benormally transferred to a viewer due to an output direction thereof.

On the other hand, in the display apparatus according to an embodimentof the present disclosure, when the panel sound PSW and the edge orperiphery sound ESW, each traveling toward ears of a viewer, outputstoward the forward region in front of the display panel 110, a sound ofthe middle- or high-pitched sound band may be directly transferred tothe viewer without being lost or distorted. Thus, a sound substantiallysimilar to an original sound may be provided to the viewer.

FIG. 2 illustrates a computing apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken alongline I-I′ illustrated in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lineII-II′ illustrated in FIG. 2 .

With reference to the examples of FIGS. 2 to 4 , the computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include asystem body 10, a hinge part 20, and a display apparatus 30, which maybe rotatably coupled or connected to the system body 10 through thehinge part 20.

The system body 10 may include a main board, various circuits mounted onthe main board, various storage mediums, peripheral devices, a keyboard,a power device, etc. The various circuits mounted on the main board mayinclude a central control circuit for processing various pieces ofinformation, an image processing circuit for processing data accordingto control by the central control circuit, a sound processing circuitfor processing a sound according to control by the central controlcircuit, etc. The system body 10 may process various pieces ofinformation, may generate video data and a sound signal and may providethe display apparatus 30 with the processed information, the generatedvideo data, and the sound signal.

The hinge part 20 may be installed between the system body 10 and thedisplay apparatus 30, and may rotatably support a lower portion of thedisplay apparatus 30. The display apparatus 30 may be rotatablyinstalled in the hinge part 20, and may cover an upper surface of thesystem body 10, or may be unfolded by a certain angle from the uppersurface of the system body 10 with the hinge part 20 as a rotationshaft. The display apparatus 30 may be configured to display an imagecorresponding to video data provided from the system body 10, based on atiming control signal provided from the system body 10, and may output apanel sound PSW and an edge or periphery sound ESW corresponding to asound signal provided from the system body 10. For example, the soundsignal may be synchronized with an image signal, but embodiments are notlimited thereto.

The display apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a display module 100, a vibration plate 200, aconnection member 300, a vibration module 400, an enclosure 500, asystem rear cover 600, and a system front cover 700. The display module100 may include a display panel 110, a panel driving circuit unit 120, abacklight unit 130, a panel guide 140, and a supporting cover 150. Thedisplay panel 110 may display an image using light irradiated from thebacklight unit 130, and may include a lower substrate 111, an uppersubstrate 112, a lower polarization member 113, and an upperpolarization member 114.

The lower substrate 111, which may be a thin-film transistor (TFT) arraysubstrate, may include a pixel array including a plurality of pixelsrespectively provided in a plurality of pixel areas defined byintersections of a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of datalines. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a TFT connected to agate line and a data line corresponding thereto, a pixel electrodeconnected to the TFT, and a common electrode, which may be adjacent tothe pixel electrode, and may be supplied with a common voltage.

The lower substrate 111 may further include a pad part in a firstperiphery thereof and a gate driving circuit in a second peripherythereof. The pad part may provide the pixel array and the gate drivingcircuit with a signal supplied from the outside. For example, the padpart may include a plurality of data pads connected to the plurality ofdata lines through a plurality of data link lines, and a plurality ofgate input pads connected to the gate driving circuit via a gate controlsignal line.

The gate driving circuit may be embedded (or integrated) into the firstperiphery of the lower substrate 111 to be connected to the plurality ofgate lines in a one-to-one relationship. For example, the gate drivingcircuit may be a shift register including a transistor, which may beformed through the same process as a process of forming a TFT in each ofthe pixel areas. As another example, the gate driving circuit may be inthe panel driving circuit 120 without being embedded into the lowersubstrate 111.

The upper substrate 112, a color filter array substrate, may include apixel pattern that may define an opening area overlapping each of thepixel areas on the lower substrate 111, and a color filter layer in theopening area. The upper substrate 112 may be attached to the lowersubstrate 111 with a liquid crystal layer therebetween by a sealant. Theliquid crystal layer may be between the lower substrate 111 and theupper substrate 112, and may include a liquid crystal including liquidcrystal molecules having an alignment direction, which may be changedbased on an electric field generated from the common voltage and a datavoltage applied to the pixel electrode in each of the plurality ofpixels.

The lower polarization member 113 may be on a lower surface of the lowersubstrate 111, and may polarize light, irradiated from the backlightunit 130, to a first polarization axis to irradiate the polarized lightonto the lower substrate 111. The upper polarization member 114 may beon an upper surface of the upper substrate 112, and may polarize lightthat passes through the upper substrate 112, and may be output to theoutside. The display panel 110 may drive the liquid crystal layeraccording to the electric field generated from the common voltage andthe data voltage applied to the pixel electrode in each of the pluralityof pixels, thereby displaying an image using light passing through theliquid crystal layer.

The panel driving circuit unit 120 may be connected to the pad partprovided in the display panel 110, and may display an image,corresponding to the video data supplied from the system body 10, basedon an output of each pixel. The panel driving circuit unit 120 accordingto an embodiment may include a plurality of data flexible circuit films121, a plurality of data driving integrated circuits (ICs) 123, aprinted circuit board (PCB) 125, and a timing control circuit 127.

Each of the plurality of data flexible circuit films 121 may be attachedto the pad part on the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110 by,for example, a film attachment process or a tape automated bondingprocess. Each of the plurality of data flexible circuit films 121 may bebent to surround a side surface of each of the display panel 110 and thebacklight unit 130, and may be connected to the PCB 125 at a rearsurface of the supporting cover 150.

Each of the plurality of data driving ICs 123 may be individuallymounted on a corresponding data flexible circuit film of the pluralityof data flexible circuit films 121. Each of the plurality of datadriving ICs 123 may receive pixel data and a data control signalsupplied from the timing control circuit 127, may convert the pixel datainto a pixel-based analog data signal according to the data controlsignal, and may supply the analog data signal to a corresponding dataline. As another example, each of the plurality of data driving ICs 123may be directly mounted on the first periphery of the lower substrate111 by a chip bonding process, and may be connected to a plurality ofdata lines. In this case, the plurality of data flexible circuit films121 may be omitted.

The PCB 125 may be connected to the plurality of data flexible circuitfilms 121. The PCB 125 may support the timing control circuit 127, andmay transfer signals and power between elements of the panel drivingcircuit unit 120. The PCB 125 may include a user connector 125 a,connected to the system body 10 through a cable, and first and secondsound output connectors 125 b and 125 c connected to the vibrationmodule 400.

The timing control circuit 127 may be mounted on the PCB 125, and mayreceive, through the user connector 125 a of the PCB 125, the video dataand a timing sync signal supplied from the system body 10. The timingcontrol circuit 127 may align the video data to generate pixel datasuitable for a pixel arrangement structure of the display panel 100,based on the timing sync signal, and may supply the generated pixel datato the data driving ICs 123. Also, the timing control circuit 127 maygenerate the data control signal and a gate control signal, based on thetiming synchronized signal. Thus, the timing control circuit 127 maycontrol a driving timing of each of the plurality of data driving ICs123 by the data control signal, and may control a driving timing of thegate driving circuit using the gate control signal.

The panel driving circuit unit 120 may further include a plurality ofdata flexible circuit films and a plurality of gate driving ICs, insteadof a gate driving circuit. For example, the lower substrate 111 of thedisplay panel 110 may further include a gate pad part, which may beprovided in a third periphery thereof, and may include a plurality ofgate pads connected to a plurality of gate lines through a plurality ofgate link lines. Each of the plurality of gate flexible circuit filmsmay be attached to the gate pad part on the lower substrate 111 of thedisplay panel 110 by a film attachment process. Each of the plurality ofgate flexible circuit films may be bent to a side surface of the displaypanel 110. Each of the plurality of gate driving ICs may be individuallymounted on a corresponding gate flexible circuit film of the pluralityof gate flexible circuit films. Each of the plurality of gate drivingICs may receive the gate control signal supplied from the timing controlcircuit 127 through a gate input pad, may generate a gate pulseaccording to the gate control signal, and may supply the gate pulse tothe gate lines in a predetermined order. As another example, each of theplurality of gate driving ICs may be directly mounted on the thirdperiphery of the lower substrate 111 by a chip bonding process, may beconnected to a plurality of gate lines, and may be connected to the gateinput pad on the lower substrate 111. In this case, the plurality ofgate flexible circuit films may be omitted.

The backlight unit 130 may be on or facing a rear surface of the displaypanel 110, and may irradiate light onto the rear surface of the displaypanel 110. The backlight unit 130 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include a light guide plate 131, a light sourceunit 133, a reflective sheet 135, and an optical sheet part 137.

The light guide plate 131 may include a light incident surface, whichmay overlap the display panel 110, and may be provided on one sidewallthereof. The light guide plate 131 may include a light-transmittingplastic or glass material. The light guide plate 131 may transfer (oroutput) light, which may be incident through the light incident surfacefrom the light source unit 133, to the display panel 110.

The light source unit 133 may irradiate light onto the light incidentsurface in the light guide plate 131. The light source unit 133according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a lightsource PCB 133 a and a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 133 b,which may be mounted on the light source PCB 133 a, and may irradiatelight onto the light incident surface of the light guide plate 131. Thelight source unit 133 may be covered by a light source housing. Thelight source housing may cover a front surface of the panel guide 140and an edge or periphery of the optical sheer part 137, which may beadjacent to each other with the light source unit 133 therebetween, andmay cover an upper portion of the light source unit 133.

The reflective sheet 135 may cover a rear surface of the light guideplate 131. The reflective sheet 135 may reflect light, which may beincident from the light guide plate 131, toward the light guide plate131 to minimize or reduce the loss of the light.

The optical sheet part 137 may be on a front surface of the light guideplate 131, and may enhance a luminance characteristic of light outputfrom the light guide plate 131. The optical sheet part 137 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may include a lower diffusivesheet, a lower prism sheet, and an upper prism sheet, but is not limitedthereto. For example, the optical sheet part 137 may be include astacked combination of one or more sheets one among a diffusive sheet, aprism sheet, a dual-brightness enhancement film (DBEF), and a lenticularsheet, or may include one composite sheet having a light diffusingfunction and a light collecting function. According to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure, when sound is output or generated based on avibration of the display panel 110, which may respond to a vibration ofthe vibration plate 200, the loss of vibration of the vibration plate200 may be minimized or reduced while the vibration is being transferredto the display panel 110. The optical sheet unit according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include one composite sheethaving the light diffusing function and the light collecting function.

The panel guide 140 may be accommodated into the supporting cover 150,and may support the light source unit 133 and a periphery of a rearsurface of the display panel 110. The panel guide 140 may include apanel supporting part 141 that may support the periphery of the rearsurface of the display panel 110, and a cover coupling or connectionpart 143 that may be recessed from an outer surface of the panelsupporting part.

The supporting cover 150 may support the panel guide 140. The supportingcover 150 may include a metal material, a plastic material, and/or thelike. For example, to secure rigidity and a heat dissipationcharacteristic of the backlight unit 130, the supporting cover 150 mayinclude a metal material. The supporting cover 150 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a cover plate 151 and aside cover 153.

The cover plate 151 may cover a rear surface of the backlight unit 130,and thus, may support the reflective sheet 135 of the backlight unit 130and the panel guide 140. For example, the panel guide 140 may beattached to or provided on the cover plate 151 by an adhesive member,such as a double-sided tape.

The side cover 153 may be vertically provided from a periphery of afront surface of the cover plate 151, and may surround an outer sidewallof the panel guide 140. For example, the side cover 153 may be insertedinto the cover connection part 143 of the panel guide 140, and thus, maynot protrude to the outside of an outer surface of the panel guide 140.

The display module 100 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a light blocking member 160. The lightblocking member 160 may cover a front surface of the panel guide 140adjacent to the light source unit 133 and an edge or periphery of theoptical sheet part 137 adjacent to the light source unit 133 and thelight source PCB 133 a of the light source unit 133, thereby preventingor reducing the light leakage of the light source unit 133. One portionof the light blocking member 160 may extend to cover an outer surface ofthe panel guide 140 adjacent to the light source unit 133, the sidecover 153 of the supporting cover 150, and a periphery of a rear surfaceof the cover plate 151. The light blocking member 160 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may be a black single-sided tape,but is not limited thereto.

The display module 100 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a panel coupling or connection member170. The panel coupling or connection member 170 may be between theperiphery of the rear surface of the display panel 110 and the panelguide 140, and may attach the display panel 110 on the panel guide 140.For example, the display panel 110 may be attached to or provided on thepanel guide 140 by the panel connection member 170. The panel connectionmember 170 overlapping the light source unit 130 may be attached to orprovided on the light blocking member 160. The panel connection member170 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be adouble-sided tape or a double-sided foam tape, but is not limitedthereto.

The display module 100 may display an image using light provided to thedisplay panel 110 from the backlight unit 130, and may output the panelsound PSW and the edge or periphery sound ESW, each generated based on avibration of the display panel 110 responding to a vibration of thevibration plate 200, toward the forward region in front of the displaypanel 110 (for example, in a direction toward a face of a viewer). Forexample, the display module 100 may have a thin (or slim) structure, forexample, having a thickness of 4 mm or less, to have the same vibrationamount as that of the vibration plate 200.

The vibration plate 200 may be coupled or connected to a rear surface ofthe display module 100. The vibration plate 200 may be coupled orconnected to a rear surface of the supporting cover 150 by theconnection member 300 with the first air gap AG1 therebetween. Thevibration plate 200 may include at least one of the above-describedmetal materials, and a repetitive description relevant thereto isomitted.

The connection member 300 may be between the cover plate 151 of thesupporting cover 150 and the vibration plate 200. The connection member300 may support the vibration plate 200, and may provide the first airgap AG1 between the display module 100 (e.g., the reflective sheet 135)and the vibration plate 200. The first air gap AG1 may be a sealed spaceor a vibration space for enabling a vibration of the vibration plate200. The connection member 300 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may overlap an edge or periphery portion of the light guideplate 131.

The vibration module 400 may be disposed on a front surface of thevibration plate 200 to directly face the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 (for example, the cover plate 151 of the supporting cover150). The vibration module 400 may vibrate based on a sound drivingsignal, which may directly input from the system body 10, or mayindirectly input through the PCB 125 of the display module 100, therebyallowing the vibration plate 200 to vibrate. The vibration module 400according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a firstvibration-generating device 410 and a second vibration-generating device430, which may be attached to or provided on the front surface of thevibration plate 200 by adhesive members 412 and 432. The firstvibration-generating device 410 and the second vibration-generatingdevice 430 may each include a piezoelectric material layer describedabove, and thus, their detailed descriptions are not repeated.

The enclosure 500 may be disposed in each of a first rear region and asecond rear region of the vibration plate 200 to individually surroundeach of the first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430. For example, the enclosure 500 may bein a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate 200, which maybe adjusted in each of the first rear region and the second rear regionof the vibration plate 200, and may prevent (or attenuate) a horizontalvibration (or an undesired vibration) of the vibration plate 200,thereby decreasing the total harmonic distortion characteristic of thevibration plate 200 to enhance the sound quality and sound pressurecharacteristic of the display apparatus.

The enclosure 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay include a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure 530. The firstenclosure 510 may be between the rear surface of the display module 100and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the firstvibration-generating device 410. The first enclosure 510 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may surround the firstvibration-generating device 410 in the first rear region of thevibration plate 200, and thus, may provide a second air gap AG2surrounding the first vibration module 410 in the first air gap AG1. Forexample, the second air gap AG2 may be a sealed space or a vibrationspace for enabling the vibration plate 200 to vibrate based on avibration of the first vibration-generating device 410. The firstenclosure 510 may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or anundesired vibration, each occurring in the first rear region of thevibration plate 200, and may prevent or decrease mutual interferencebetween a vibration based on the first vibration-generating device 410and a vibration based on the second vibration-generating device 430.

The second enclosure 530 may be between the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the secondvibration-generating device 430. The second enclosure 530 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may surround the secondvibration-generating device 430 in the second rear region of thevibration plate 200, and thus, may provide a second air gap AG2surrounding the second vibration module 430 in the first air gap AG1.For example, the second air gap AG2 may be a sealed space or a vibrationspace tor enabling the vibration plate 200 to vibrate based on avibration of the second vibration-generating device 430. The secondenclosure 530 may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or anundesired vibration each occurring in the second rear region of thevibration plate 200, and may prevent or decrease mutual interferencebetween a vibration based on the first vibration-generating device 410and a vibration based on the second vibration-generating device 430.

The system rear cover 600 may accommodate the display module 100 and thevibration plate 200 coupled or connected to the vibration module 400.The system rear cover 600 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a rear structure 610 and a side structure 630.

The rear structure 610, which may be an outermost structure on a rearsurface of the display apparatus, may support the supporting cover 150of the display module 100, and may cover the rear surface of thevibration plate 200 with a third air gap AG3 therebetween. For example,the rear structure 610 may be spaced apart from the vibration plate 200by a predetermined distance to not physically contact the vibrationplate 200 when the vibration plate 200 is vibrating. The side structure630, which may be an outermost structure on a side surface of thedisplay apparatus, may be on an edge or in a periphery of the rearstructure 610, and may cover side surfaces of the display module 100 andside surfaces of the vibration plate 200 with a border gap BGtherebetween.

The system rear cover 600 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a rear sound member 650. The rear soundmember 650 may protrude from a corner portion of each of the rearstructure 610 and the side structure 630, or may be installed in thecorner portion of each of the rear structure 610 and the side structure630. For example, the rear sound member 650 may be referred to as a“sound guide member,” a “rear sound guide member,” or a “rear soundguider,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The rear sound member 650 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include an inclined surface or a curved surface, eachfacing the third air gap AG3 and the bonder gap BG. The rear soundmember 650 may guide a traveling path of a rear sound, traveling towardthe border gap BG via the third air gap AG3, in a direction toward theborder gap BG (for example, a direction toward a front surface of thedisplay panel 110), thereby blocking, reducing, or minimizing a rearsound, which may again be reflected to the third air gap AG3 by the sidestructure 630. For example, a rear sound, which may be generated in thethird air gap AG3 based on a vibration of the vibration plate 200, maybe output in a direction toward the front surface of the display panel110 through the border gap BG, and thus, may be an edge or peripherysound ESW.

The system front cover 700 may cover a periphery of a front surface ofthe display panel 110 and the border gap BG. The system front cover 700may have a tetragonal (quadrilateral) frame shape, and may cover theperiphery of the front surface of the display panel 110 and the bordergap BG. The system front cover 700 may be coupled or connected to theside structure 630 of the system rear cover 600 by a fastening member,such as a hook. The system front cover 700 may cover the panel drivingcircuit unit 120 and a front surface of the display module 100, otherthan a display area of the display panel 110.

The system front cover 700 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include at least one sound emission part 710 overlappingthe border gap BG. The sound emission part 710 may include a pluralityof sound emission ports 710 a and 710 b, which may vertically passthrough the system front cover 600 overlapping the borer gap BG tocommunicate the border gap BG with the outside. For example, the soundemission part 710 may be disposed in at least one of first to fourthcorner portions of the system front cover 700 and a middle portionbetween the first to fourth corner portions.

The computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the display module 100, which may vibrate basedon a vibration of the vibration plate 200 performed based on a vibrationof the vibration module 400, and thus, may output the panel sound PSW,generated based on the vibration of the display module 100, toward aforward region in front of the display panel 110, thereby outputting ahigh-quality sound of a broad sound band, realizing a sound field whichmay fully fill a whole screen, and enhancing an immersion experience ofa viewer due to harmony (or match) between an image and a sound. Also,the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the enclosure 500, which may be near thevibration module 400 to prevent (or attenuate) a horizontal vibration ofthe vibration plate 200, which may vibrate based on a vibration of thevibration module 400. Thus, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 may be reduced, thereby enhancing soundquality and a sound pressure characteristic. Also, in the computingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a panelvibration sound generated based on the vibration of the display module100 may be directly output as the panel sound PSW toward the forwardregion in front of the display panel 110, and a rear sound (or a platevibration sound) generated based on the vibration of the vibration plate200 may be output as the edge sound ESW toward the forward region infront portion of the display panel 110 via the third air gap AG3 and theborder gap BG, instead of toward a rearward region behind and/or adownward region under the display panel 110, thereby accuratelytransferring a sound and improving sound quality to increase animmersion experience of a viewer.

Also, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may output the panel sound PSW generated based on a vibrationof the display panel 110 and the edge or periphery sound ESW, which maybe output toward a forward region in front portion of the display panel110 through the border gap BG based on a vibration of the vibrationplate 200, even without a speaker embedded into the system body 10.Accordingly, an embedded speaker embedded into the system body 10 may beomitted. Thus, a weight of the system body may be reduced. Also, a spaceobtained by removing the embedded speaker may be used as a space inwhich a battery may be provided, thereby enabling an increase in thesize of the battery.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment in which a protection member may beadded to the display apparatus illustrated in the examples of FIGS. 2 to4 . Thus, in the description below, only modified elements will bedescribed in detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as inFIGS. 2 to 4 , like reference numerals refer to like elements andrepetitive descriptions are omitted or will be briefly given.

With reference to FIG. 5 , a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protectionmember 800. The protection member 800 may be on or facing a rear surfaceof a display module 100, facing a vibration module 400. The protectionmember 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may beon or facing a rear surface of a supporting cover 150, facing thevibration module 400, and may have a size that may be greater than thatof each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 ofthe vibration module 400. The protection member 800 may prevent orreduce the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 of the vibrationmodule 400 from being damaged by a physical impact and/or an electricalimpact, such as static electricity. For example, thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be damaged by staticelectricity, which may occur in the display module 100, such as a paneldriving circuit unit, or may flow in from the outside, or may be damagedby a physical contact with the display module 100 caused by pressing ofthe display module 100. Therefore, the protection member 800 may bebetween the display module 100 and each of the vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430, and thus, may cut off static electricitytransferred to the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 through thedisplay module 100 to protect the static electricity from thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, and may protect thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 from a physical impact appliedto each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430. The protectionmember 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayinclude a single-sided insulation tape or an insulation single-sidedfoam tape, each including an adhesive layer attached to the supportingcover 150. For example, the protection member 800 may be a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) insulation tape or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)insulation tape.

As another example, the protection member 800 may be alternatively oradditionally on each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 ofthe vibration module 400 directly facing the rear surface of the displaymodule 100. For example, the protection member 800 may increase a weightof each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 to decrease aresonance frequency of a vibration plate 200, thereby increasing afrequency characteristic of a low-pitched sound band of a soundgenerated based on a vibration of the vibration plate 200.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a structure ofthe supporting cover illustrated in each of the examples of FIGS. 3 and4 . Thus, in the description below, only modified elements will bedescribed in detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as inFIGS. 2 to 5 , like reference numerals refer to like elements andrepetitive descriptions are omitted or will be briefly given.

With reference to FIG. 6 , a supporting cover 150 according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure may include a cover plate 151, aside cover 153, and an opening or hole 155. The cover plate 151 and theside cover 153 may be as described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, and thus, their repetitive descriptions are omitted.

The opening or hole 155 may be provided in the cover plate 151 to face avibration module 400. The opening 155 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may vertically pass through the cover plate 151, andmay have a size that may be greater than that of each of a plurality ofvibration-generating devices 410 and 430 of the vibration module 400 forthe vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 to be inserted oraccommodated therein. The opening 155 may protect thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 from a physical impact appliedto each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 by the displaymodule 100. For example, when the display module 100 is excessivelypressed, each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may beinserted or accommodated into the opening 155 of the supporting cover150, and may not physically contact the cover plate 151 of thesupporting cover 150, thereby preventing or reducing thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 from being damaged by thephysical impact caused by the display module 100.

The supporting cover 150 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may decrease in weight by a weight corresponding to a size ofthe opening 155. Thus, a weight of the display module 100 may bereduced, and a weight of a computing apparatus may also be reduced.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a structure ofthe display apparatus illustrated in each of the examples of FIGS. 3 and4 . Thus, in description below, only modified elements will be describedin detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as in FIGS. 2 to 6, like reference numerals refer to like elements and repetitivedescriptions are omitted or will be briefly given.

With reference to FIG. 7 in conjunction with FIG. 2 , in a computingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, adisplay apparatus 30 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a display module 100, a vibration plate 200, aconnection member 300, a vibration module 400, an enclosure 500, asystem rear cover 600, and a system front cover 700. The display module100 may be accommodated into the system rear cover 600, and may displayan image, e.g., an electronic image. The display module 100 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display panel 110that may display an image, and a panel driving circuit unit that maydrive the display panel 110.

The display panel 110 may be a light-emitting display panel. The displaypanel 110 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayinclude a pixel array substrate 116 including a pixel array 117including a plurality of pixels, an encapsulation layer 118 that mayencapsulate the pixel array 117, and a cover film 119 on an uppersurface of the encapsulation layer 118.

The plurality of pixels may be respectively in a plurality of pixelareas, and may be respectively driven by a plurality of pixel drivinglines. Also, each of the plurality of pixels may include a pixelcircuit, including at least two thin-film transistors (TFTs) and atleast one capacitor, and a light-emitting device that may emit lightwith a current supplied from the pixel circuit. For example, thelight-emitting device may include an organic light-emitting layer or aquantum dot light-emitting layer. As another example, the light-emittingdevice may include a micro light-emitting diode (LED). The encapsulationlayer 118 may protect the TFTs and the light-emitting device from anexternal impact, and may reduce or prevent water or moisture frompenetrating into the light-emitting device.

The cover film 119 may be attached to or provided on the upper surfaceof the encapsulation layer 118 by an adhesive member. The adhesivemember may be a transparent adhesive member, but is not limited thereto.The cover film 119 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay be a polarization film, which may circularly polarize external lightreflected by the TFT and/or the pixel driving lines provided on thepixel array substrate 116, thereby enhancing the visibility and contrastratio of the display panel 110. According to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the cover film 119 may be one or more of: ananti-fingerprint film, a brightness enhancement film, and a barrierfilm, but is not limited thereto.

The display panel 110 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a barrier layer and a touch electrodelayer between the encapsulation layer 118 and the cover film 119. Also,the display panel 110 may further include a color filter layer on anupper surface of the encapsulation layer 118.

In the present embodiment, the encapsulation layer 118 may be replacedwith an encapsulation substrate, which may be attached to the pixelarray substrate 116 by a filler surrounding the pixel array 117. If thefiller is a transparent filler, the encapsulation substrate may be atransparent encapsulation substrate.

The panel driving circuit unit may be connected to a pad part in thedisplay panel 110, and may display an image, corresponding to video datasupplied from the system body 10, by respectively driving each pixel.The panel driving circuit unit according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 4 , may include the plurality of dataflexible circuit films 121, the plurality of data driving ICs 123, thePCB 125, and the timing control circuit 127. Thus, its description isnot repeated.

The vibration plate 200 may be coupled or connected to a rear surface ofthe display module 100. Except for the vibration plate 200 being coupledor connected to the rear surface of the display panel 110 with theconnection member 300 therebetween using a first air gap AG1, thevibration plate 200 is as described above. Thus, its description is notrepeated.

The vibration module 400 may be attached to or provided on a frontsurface of the vibration plate 200 by an adhesive member 412. Thevibration module 400 may include the above-described firstvibration-generating device 410 and second vibration-generating device430, and may be as described above. Thus, its detailed description isnot repeated.

The enclosure 500 may be in each of a first rear region and a secondrear region of the vibration plate 200, and may surround the firstvibration-generating device 410 and the second vibration-generatingdevice 430 and may be as described above, and thus, its detaileddescription may not repeated.

The system rear cover 600 may accommodate the display module 100 and thevibration plate 200 coupled or connected to the display module 100. Thesystem rear cover 600 may include a rear structure 610 that may cover arear surface of the vibration plate 200 with a third air gap AG3therebetween, a side structure 630 that may be provided in an edge orperiphery of the rear structure 610, and may cover side surfaces of thedisplay module 100 and side surfaces of the vibration plate 200, and arear sound member 650 that may be provided in a corner portion of therear structure 610 and the side structure 630. The system rear cover 600is as described above. Thus, its repetitive description is omitted.

The system front cover 700 may have a tetragonal (quadrilateral) frameshape, and may cover a periphery of a front surface of the display panel110 and a border gap BG between the side structure 630 of the systemrear cover 600 and a side surface of the display module 100. Also, thesystem front cover 700 may include at least one sound emission pan 710including a plurality of sound emission ports 710 a and 710 b, which mayoverlap the border gap BG and may communicate the border gap BG with theoutside. The system front cover 700 is as described above. Thus, itsrepetitive description is omitted.

The display apparatus 30 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a protection member 900 between thedisplay module 100 and the vibration module 400. The protection member900 may be on the vibration-generating device 410 of the vibrationmodule 400, directly facing a rear surface of the display module 100.For example, the protection member 900 may have a size that may begreater than that of the vibration-generating device 410 of thevibration module 400. The protection member 900 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure, as described above, may prevent orreduce the vibration-generating device 410 of the vibration module 400from being damaged by a physical impact and/or an electrical impact,such as static electricity. For example, the protection member 900 maybe a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, but is not limited thereto.

As another example, the protection member 900 may be on the rear surfaceof the display module 100, facing the vibration module 400. For example,the protection member 900 may be on the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 facing the vibration module 400, and may have a size that maybe greater than that of the vibration-generating device 410 of thevibration module 400.

The computing apparatus according to the present embodiment may have thesame effect as that of the computing apparatus illustrated of each ofthe examples of FIGS. 2 to 6 . The following embodiments described withreference to the examples of FIGS. 8 to 13 may be combined with any ofthe embodiments described in reference to the examples of FIGS. 1 to 7 .

FIG. 8 illustrates an enclosure according to a first embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 8 illustrates an enclosure and a vibration module on a vibrationplate. With reference to FIG. 8 , each of a first vibration-generatingdevice 410 and a second vibration-generating device 430 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a pair of first sidesS1 a and S1 b, which may be parallel to a first direction X, and mayeach have a first length L1. Each of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410 and the second vibration-generating device 430 may furtherinclude a pair of second sides S2 a and S2 b, which may be parallel to asecond direction Y intersecting the first direction X, and may each havea second length L2. For example, each of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410 and the second vibration-generating dev ice 430 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may have a rectangular shape inwhich the first length L1 may be shorter than the second length L2.

The vibration plate 200 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a first rear region and a second rear region,which may be parallel to each other. For example, a center of the firstvibration-generating device 410 may be in a center region of the firstrear region of the vibration plate 200, and a center of the secondvibration-generating device 420 may be in a center region of the secondrear region of the vibration plate 200. Therefore, the firstvibration-generating device 410 and the second vibration-generatingdevice 430 may be bilaterally symmetrical with each other with respectto a center of the vibration plate 200. For example, the vibration plate200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include afirst half (½) line HL1, a one-quarter (¼) line OQL, and a three-quarter(¾) line TQL, which may be parallel to the second direction Y, and asecond half (½) line HL2 parallel to the first direction X. The firsthalf line HL1 may be in a center of a widthwise-direction of thevibration plate 200, and the second half line HL2 may be in a center ofa lengthwise-direction of the vibration plate 200. For example, thecenter of the first vibration-generating device 410 may be at anintersection point of the second half line HL2 and the ¼ line OQL, andthe center of the second vibration-generating device 430 may be at anintersection point of the second half line HL2 and the ¾ line TQL.Therefore, the first vibration-generating device 410 and the secondvibration-generating device 430 may be symmetrical with each other withrespect to the first half line HL1 of the vibration plate 200.

The enclosure 500 according to a first embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure 530.The first enclosure 510 may be between a rear surface of the displaymodule 100 and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the firstvibration-generating device 410. The first enclosure 510 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may have a square shape withrespect to a center of the first vibration-generating device 410, andmay surround the first vibration-generating device 410, therebypreventing or attenuating a horizontal vibration or an undesiredvibration, which may each occur in the first rear region of thevibration plate 200, e.g., due to a damping effect.

With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D1 between thefirst enclosure 510 and each of the second sides S2 a and S2 b of thefirst vibration-generating device 410 may be longer than each of a firstlength L1 and a second length L2 of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410. For example, the first distance D1 may be longer than thesecond length L2, and two times shorter than (e.g., half of) the firstlength L1. For example, when the first distance D1 between the firstenclosure 510 and each of the second sides S2 a and S2 b of the firstvibration-generating device 410 is shorter than each of the first lengthL1 and the second length L2 of the first vibration-generating device410, when an excessive damping effect is caused by the first enclosure510 disposed relatively close to the first vibration-generating device410, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate200 may not be sufficiently reduced by harmonic distortion occurring ina sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressurecharacteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in asound band of about 1.5 kHz or less.

Also, when the first distance D1 between the first enclosure 510 andeach of the second sides S2 a and S2 b of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410 is two times longer than the first length L1 of the firstvibration-generating device 410, when a damping effect is reduced by thefirst enclosure 510 disposed relatively far away from the firstvibration-generating device 410, the total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of the vibration plate 200 may not be sufficientlyreduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHzor less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less.

With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D2 between thefirst enclosure 510 and each of the first sides S1 a and S1 b of thefirst vibration-generating device 410 may be longer than the firstlength L1 of the first vibration-generating device 410, and may beshorter than the second length L2 of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410. For example, when the second distance D2 between the firstenclosure 510 and each of the first sides S1 a and S1 b of the firstvibration-generating device 410 is shorter than the first length L1 ofthe first vibration-generating device 410, when an excessive dampingeffect is caused by the first enclosure 510 disposed relatively close tothe first vibration-generating device 410, the total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of the vibration plate 200 may not be sufficientlyreduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 1.5kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less.

Also, when the second distance D2 between the first enclosure 510 andeach of the first sides S1 a and S1 b of the first vibration-generatingdevice 410 is longer than the second length L2 of the firstvibration-generating device 410, when a damping effect is reduced by thefirst enclosure 510 disposed relatively far away from the firstvibration-generating device 410, the total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of the vibration plate 200 may not be sufficientlyreduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHzor less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less.

The second enclosure 530 may be between the rear surface of the displaymodule 100 and the vibration plate 200, and may surround the secondvibration-generating device 430. The second enclosure 530 according toan embodiment may have a square shape with respect to a center of thesecond vibration-generating device 430, and may surround the secondvibration-generating device 430, thereby preventing or attenuating ahorizontal vibration or an undesired vibration, which may each occur inthe second rear region of the vibration plate 200 due to a dampingeffect.

With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D1 between thesecond enclosure 530 and each of the second sides S2 a and S2 b of thesecond vibration-generating device 430 may be longer than each of afirst length L1 and a second length L2 of the secondvibration-generating device 430. For example, the first distance D1 maybe longer than the second length L2 and two times shorter than (e.g.,half of) the first length L1. Here, when the first distance D1 betweenthe second enclosure 530 and each of the second sides S2 a and S2 b ofthe second vibration-generating device 430 is shorter than each of thefirst length L1 and the second length L2 of the firstvibration-generating device 410, or is two times longer than the firstlength L1 of the first vibration-generating device 410, as describedabove, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or lessor in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less.

With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D2 between thesecond enclosure 530 and each of the first sides S1 a and S1 b of thesecond vibration-generating device 430 may be longer than the firstlength L1 of the second vibration-generating device 430, and may beshorter than the second length L2 of the second vibration-generatingdevice 430. For example, when the second distance D2 between the secondenclosure 530 and each of the first sides S1 a and S1 b of the secondvibration-generating device 430 is shorter than the first length L1 ofthe second vibration-generating device 430, or is longer than the secondlength L2 of the second vibration-generating device 430, as describedabove, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or lessor in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less.

The first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may each include first to fourthenclosing members 501 to 504, each having a certain width and a lineshape. Each of the first to fourth enclosing members 501 to 504 may be adouble-sided adhesive tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and/or adouble-sided foam tape. For example, a width of each of the first tofourth enclosing members 501 to 504 may be about 3 mm, but is notlimited thereto.

The first enclosing member 501 may be spaced apart from thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 by the second distance D2, andmay be in parallel with the first direction X. The first enclosingmember 501 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may havea third length L3, which may be longer than the first length L1 of eachof the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430.

The second enclosing member 502 may be disposed in parallel with thefirst enclosing member 501, with the vibration-generating devices 410and 430 therebetween. A width and a length of the second enclosingmember 502 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may bethe same as or different from those of the first enclosing member 501.

The third enclosing member 503 may be spaced apart from thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 by the first distance D1, andmay be in parallel with the second direction Y. The third enclosingmember 503 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may havea fourth length L4, which may be longer than the second length L2 ofeach of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430. For example, thefourth length L4 of the third enclosing member 503 may be the same as adistance between an outer surface of the second enclosing member 502 andan outer surface of the first enclosing member 501, which may not facethe vibration-generating devices 410 and 430. Inner surfaces of bothedges or peripheries of the third enclosing member 503 facing thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may contact one side surface ofthe first enclosing member 501 and one side surface of the secondenclosing member 502.

The fourth enclosing member 504 may be disposed in parallel with thethird enclosing member 503, with the vibration-generating devices 410and 430 therebetween. A width and a length of the fourth enclosingmember 504 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may bethe same as or different from those of the third enclosing member 503.For example, the fourth length L4 of the fourth enclosing member 504 maybe the same as a distance between an outer surface of the secondenclosing member 502 and an outer surface of the first enclosing member501, which may not face the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430.Inner surfaces of both edges or peripheries of the fourth enclosingmember 504 facing the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 maycontact the other side surface of the first enclosing member 501 and theother side surface of the second enclosing member 502.

With respect to the first direction X, a third distance D3 between oneend LE of the vibration plate 200 and the third enclosing member 503 ofthe first enclosure 510, a fourth distance D4 between the first halfline HL1 of the vibration plate 200 and the fourth enclosing member 504of the first enclosure 510, a fifth distance D5 between the first halfline HL1 of the vibration plate 200 and the fourth enclosing member 504of the second enclosure 530, and a sixth distance D6 between the otherend RE of the vibration plate 200 and the third enclosing member 503 ofthe second enclosure 510 may be the same. With respect to the firstdirection X, the third to sixth distances D3 to D6 may be adjustedidentically. Thus, vibrations generated in the first rear region and thesecond rear region of the vibration plate 200 may be separated from eachother and a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate 200 maybe reduced, minimized, or removed.

The first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 according to thefirst embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 15% or less,the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate 200occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and may decrease, byless than 3%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of thevibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more.Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristicof a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative examplein which the enclosure 500 is not disposed.

FIG. 9 illustrates an enclosure according to a second embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a size of theenclosure illustrated in the example of FIG. 8 . Hereinafter, therefore,only an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described.

With reference to the example of FIG. 9 , a first enclosure 510 and asecond enclosure 530 according to the second embodiment of the presentdisclosure may each have a rectangular shape having a size that may begreater than that of the enclosure illustrated in FIG. 8 . For example,a third enclosing member 503 and a fourth enclosing member 504 of eachof the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 may each have afifth length L5, which may be longer than a second length L2 of each ofa plurality of vibration-generating devices 410 and 430. The fifthlength L5 of each of the third enclosing member 503 and the fourthenclosing member 504 may be longer than a fourth length L4 of each ofthe third enclosing member 503 and the fourth enclosing member 504, eachillustrated in FIG. 5 . Each of the first enclosure 510 and the secondenclosure 530 according to the second embodiment of the presentdisclosure may decrease, by 5% or less, the total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of the vibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band ofabout 1.5 kHz or less; may decrease, by 14% or less, the total harmonicdistortion characteristic of the vibration plate 200 occurring in asound band of about 1.5 kHz to about 2 kHz; and may decrease, by lessthan 2%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibrationplate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, asound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of afull sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example inwhich the enclosure 500 is not disposed.

With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D1 between each ofthe first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 according to thesecond embodiment of the present disclosure and each of first sides S1 aand S1 b of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may belonger than each of the first length L1 and the second length L2 of eachof the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430, and may be two timesshorter than (e.g. half of) the first length L1 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430. When the first distance D1 isshorter than each of the first length L1 and the second length L2 ofeach of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430, and is two timeslonger than the first length L1 of each of the vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430, as described above, a sound pressure characteristicand a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band ofabout 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less.

With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D2 between eachof the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 according to thesecond embodiment of the present disclosure and each of the first sidesS1 a and S1 b of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430may be 2.5 times the first length L1 of each of the vibration-generatingdevices 410 and 430 or may be 1.5 times the second length L2 of each ofthe vibration-generating devices 410 and 430. For example, when thesecond distance D2 is 2.5 times longer than the first length L1 of eachof the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430, as described above, asound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may bereduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band ofabout 2 kHz or less.

FIG. 10 illustrates an enclosure according to a third embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a size of theenclosure illustrated in FIG. 8 . Hereinafter, therefore, only anenclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described.

With reference to FIG. 10 , a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure530 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure may eachhave a square shape that may be less in size than the enclosureillustrated in FIG. 8 . With respect to a first direction X, a firstdistance D1 between each of the first enclosure 510 and the secondenclosure 530 according to the third embodiment and each of a pluralityof vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be longer than a firstlength L1 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430, andmay be shorter than a second length L2 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430. With respect to a seconddirection Y, a second distance D2 between each of the first enclosure510 and the second enclosure 530 according to the third embodiment ofthe present disclosure and each of the vibration-generating devices 410and 430 may be shorter than the first length L1 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, or may be half of the secondlength L2 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430.

Each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 accordingto the third embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 32%or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibrationplate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and maydecrease, by less than 2%, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz ormore. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to acomparative example in which the enclosure 500 is not disposed.

FIG. 11 illustrates an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment implemented by enlarging a size of theenclosure illustrated in FIG. 8 . Hereinafter, therefore, an enclosureand elements relevant thereto will be described.

With reference to FIG. 11 , a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure530 according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure mayeach have a square shape, which may be greater in size than theenclosure illustrated in FIG. 8 . With respect to a first direction X, afirst distance D1 between each of the first enclosure 510 and the secondenclosure 530 according to the fourth embodiment of the presentdisclosure and each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices 410and 430 may be longer than a second length L2 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, and may be 2.5 times shorterthan a first length L1 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410and 430. With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D2between each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure and each ofthe vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be longer than thesecond length L2 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and430, or may be two times shorter than the first length L1 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430.

Each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 accordingto the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 63%or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibrationplate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and maydecrease, by less than 5%, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz ormore. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound qualitycharacteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to acomparative example in which the enclosure 500 is not disposed.

FIG. 12 illustrates an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment implemented by enlarging a size of theenclosure illustrated in FIG. 8 . Hereinafter, therefore, only anenclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described.

With reference to FIG. 12 , a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure530 according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may eachhave a square shape, which may be greater in size than the enclosureillustrated in FIG. 11 . With respect to a first direction X, a firstdistance D1 between each of the first enclosure 510 and the secondenclosure 530 according to the fifth embodiment of the presentdisclosure and each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices 410and 430 may be 1.5 times longer than a second length L2 of each of thevibration-generating devices 410 and 430, and may be three times shorterthan a first length L1 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410and 430. With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D2between each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure and each ofthe vibration-generating devices 410 and 430 may be 2.5 times the firstlength L1 of each of the vibration-generating devices 410 and 430.

Each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 accordingto the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 31%or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibrationplate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less; maydecrease, by less than 9%, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz toabout 2 kHz; and may decrease, by less than 2%, the total harmonicdistortion characteristic of the vibration plate 200 occurring in asound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristicand a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhancedcompared to a comparative example in which the enclosure 500 is notdisposed.

FIG. 13 illustrates an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment where the enclosure illustrated inFIG. 9 may be disposed in a double structure. Hereinafter, therefore, anenclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described.

With reference to FIG. 13 , a first enclosure 510 and a second enclosure530 according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may eachinclude an external enclosure, having the same or a substantiallysimilar size as that of the enclosure illustrated in FIG. 9 , and aninternal enclosure disposed between a vibration module and the externalenclosure. Here, each of the external enclosure and the internalenclosure may have a rectangular shape. The center of the internalenclosure and the center of the external disclosure may be the sameand/or may respectively correspond to a center of the first and secondvibration-generating device.

Each of the first enclosure 510 and the second enclosure 530 accordingto the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 18%or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibrationplate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less; maydecrease, by less than 6%, the total harmonic distortion characteristicof the vibration plate 200 occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz toabout 2 kHz; and may decrease, by less than 1%, the total harmonicdistortion characteristic of the vibration plate 200 occurring in asound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristicand a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhancedcompared to a comparative example in which the enclosure 500 is notdisposed.

FIG. 14 illustrates a computing apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 14 , the computing apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure may include the computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in anyof the examples of FIGS. 1 to 13 , and may include an embedded speakerequipped in a system body 10. A cross-sectional surface taken along lineI-I′ illustrated in FIG. 14 is illustrated in each of the examples ofFIGS. 3 and 5 to 7 , and a cross-sectional surface taken along lineII-II′ illustrated in FIG. 14 is illustrated in the example of FIG. 4 .

Therefore, a computing apparatus according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure may realize a stereo sound using a speaker sound SSWthat may be output to a region next to a side of the system body by theembedded speaker equipped in the system body 10, a panel sound PSW thatmay be directly output toward a forward region in front of the displaypanel 110 based on a vibration of the display panel 110, which may beperformed based on a vibration of each of a vibration module and avibration plate, and an edge or periphery sound ESW that may be outputtoward the forward region in front of the display panel 110 through aborder gap based on the vibration of the vibration plate.

FIG. 15 illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

In the computing apparatuses according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure illustrated in any of the examples of FIGS. 1 to 14 , thedisplay apparatus 30 may be used as a display apparatus, such as atelevision (TV) and a monitor illustrated in FIG. 15 , and moreover, maybe used as a display apparatus, such as a navigation device, anelectronic pad, or a tablet computer. A cross-sectional surface takenalong line I-I′ illustrated in FIG. 15 is illustrated in each of theexamples of FIGS. 3 and 5 to 7 , and a cross-sectional surface takenalong line II-II′ illustrated in FIG. 15 is illustrated in the exampleof FIG. 4 . The display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure illustrated in FIG. 15 may realize a stereo soundusing a panel sound PSW that may be directly output toward a forwardregion in front of the display panel 110 based on a vibration of thedisplay panel 110, which may be performed based on a vibration of eachof a vibration module and a vibration plate, and an edge or peripherysound ESW that may be output toward the forward region in front portionof the display panel 110 through a border gap based on the vibration ofthe vibration plate.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus according to acomparative example. FIG. 17 is a graph showing experimental results ofa total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatusincluding an enclosure according to a first embodiment of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 18 is a graph showing experimental results of a totalharmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including anenclosure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 19 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosureaccording to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 20 is agraph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure accordingto a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 is a graphshowing experimental results of a total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure accordingto a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 22 is a graphshowing experimental results of a total harmonic distortioncharacteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure accordingto a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 17 to 22 are graphs showing experimental results of a totalharmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including anenclosure according to each of the first to sixth embodiments of thepresent disclosure. The display apparatus according to the comparativeexample has a structure in which an enclosure is not provided near avibration module. In FIGS. 16 to 23 , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis)represents a frequency (Hz), and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis)represents a total harmonic distortion (THD) ratio (%).

With reference to FIG. 16 , in the display apparatus according to thecomparative example, it may be seen that a THD characteristic of 70.39%is shown in a sound band (or a sound frequency) of about 1.03 kHz, a THDcharacteristic of 7.02% is shown in a sound band of about 2.42 kHz, anda THD characteristic of 5% is intermittently shown in a sound band ofabout 1.15 kHz to about 2 kHz. Therefore, the sound pressurecharacteristic and sound quality of the display apparatus according tothe comparative example is reduced due to a THD characteristic in eachof a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less and in a sound band of about 2kHz to 2.5 kHz.

With reference to FIG. 17 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a first embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the first embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 13.52%is shown in a sound band of about 1.04 kHz, a secondary THDcharacteristic of 10.60% is shown in a sound band of 1.16 kHz, atertiary THD characteristic of 4.2% is shown in a sound band of 1.4 kHz,and a THD characteristic of 3% or 2% is intermittently shown in a soundband of about 1.5 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with thecomparative example, it may be seen that, in the first embodiment of thepresent disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full soundband. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality areenhanced.

With reference to FIG. 18 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a second embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the second embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 13.42%is shown in a sound band of 1.58 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of12.04% is shown in a sound band of 1.63 kHz, a THD characteristic of 4%is shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and a THDcharacteristic of 2% or less is shown in a sound band of about 1.8 kHzor more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it maybe seen that, in the second embodiment of the present disclosure, a THDcharacteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressurecharacteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison withthe first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that thesecond embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THDcharacteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to 1.8 kHz, and has arelatively low THD characteristic in a sound band other than the soundband of about 1.5 kHz to 1.8 kHz. Accordingly, the second embodiment ofthe present disclosure may be applied.

With reference to FIG. 19 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a third embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the third embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 37.79%is shown in a sound band of 1.06 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of13.37% is shown in a sound band of 1.22 kHz, a tertiary THDcharacteristic of 11.5% is shown in a sound band of 1.43 kHz, and a THDcharacteristic of 2% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band ofabout 1.5 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparativeexample, it may be seen that, in the third embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus,a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, incomparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it maybe seen that the third embodiment of the present disclosure has arelatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz orless, and has a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band ofabout 1.5 kHz or more. Accordingly, the third embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be applied.

With reference to FIG. 20 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the fourth embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 62.17%is shown in a sound band of 1.18 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of4.39% is shown in a sound band of 1.4 kHz, and a THD characteristic of2.5% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz ormore. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may beseen that, in the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, a THDcharacteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressurecharacteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison withthe first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that thefourth embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THDcharacteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, has a similarTHD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to 3.5 kHz, and hasa relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band of 3.5 kHz or more.Accordingly, the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure may beapplied.

With reference to FIG. 21 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the fifth embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 30.70%is shown in a sound band of 1.38 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of8.81% is shown in a sound band of 1.69 kHz, a tertiary THDcharacteristic of 6.8% is shown in a sound band of 1.17 kHz, and a THDcharacteristic of 2% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band ofabout 2 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparativeexample, it may be seen that, in the fifth embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus,a sound pressure characteristic and sound qualify are enhanced. Also, incomparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it maybe seen that the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure has arelatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of a sound band of1.38 kHz and in a sound band of 1.69 kHz, and has a similar THDcharacteristic and a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound bandother than the sound band of 1.38 kHz and the sound band of 1.69 kHz.Accordingly, the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may beapplied.

With reference to FIG. 22 , in the display apparatus (hereinafterreferred to as a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure) includingthe enclosure according to the sixth embodiment of the presentdisclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 17.73%is shown in a sound band of 1.20 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of5.39% is shown in a sound band of 1.81 kHz, and a THD characteristic of1% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz ormore. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may beseen that, in the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, a THDcharacteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressurecharacteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison withthe first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that thesixth embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THDcharacteristic in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less, and has arelatively low THD characteristic in a sound band of about 2 kHz ormore. Accordingly, the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may beapplied.

FIG. 23 is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonicdistortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to acomparative example, and a total harmonic distortion characteristic of acomputing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

In FIG. 23 , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis) represents a frequency,and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis) represents a THD characteristic.The computing apparatus according to the comparative example includes adisplay apparatus in which an enclosure is not provided near a vibrationmodule. The computing apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure includes the display apparatus including theenclosure according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in a dotted-line graph shown in FIG. 23 , it may be seenthat, in the computing apparatus according to the comparative example, aTHD characteristic of 18% is shown in a sound band of about 1 kHz to 2kHz, and a THD characteristic of 5% to 10% is intermittently shown in asound band of about 2 kHz or more. As illustrated in a solid-line graphshown in FIG. 23 , it may be seen that, in the computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a THDcharacteristic of 7% is shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz, and a THDcharacteristic of 5% or less is shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz ormore. Also, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seenthat, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, a relatively low THD characteristic is shown in asound band of 1 kHz or less.

Therefore, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include the enclosure near the vibration module.Thus, in comparison with the comparative example, a THD characteristicof the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be reduced in a full sound band.

FIG. 24 is a graph showing experimental results of a sound pressurecharacteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparativeexample, and a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In FIG. 24 , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis) represents a frequency(Hz) and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis) represents a sound pressurelevel (dB). Also, in FIG. 24 , a dotted-line graph represents a soundpressure characteristic of the computing apparatus according to thecomparative example, and a thick-solid-line graph represents a soundpressure characteristic of the computing apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in FIG. 24 , in comparison with the computing apparatusaccording to the comparative example, it may be seen that, in thecomputing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a THD characteristic is improved in a full sound band asshown in FIG. 23 . Thus, a sound pressure characteristic is enhanced.For example, in comparison with the computing apparatus according to thecomparative example, it may be seen that, in the computing apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sound pressurecharacteristic in a sound band of 1 kHz increases by 8 dB to 9 dB.

Therefore, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include the enclosure disposed near the vibrationmodule. Thus, in comparison with the comparative example, a THDcharacteristic of the computing apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may be reduced in a full sound band, and thesound pressure characteristic and sound quality of the computingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may beenhanced.

The display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the sameaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied todesktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs, netbook computers,workstations, navigation apparatuses, automotive navigation apparatuses,automotive display apparatuses, TVs, wall paper display apparatuses,signage apparatuses, game machines, notebook computers, monitors,cameras, camcorders, home appliances, etc.

The display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the sameaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may vibrate thedisplay module to output a sound toward a forward region in front of thedisplay panel. Thus, the display apparatus and the computing apparatusincluding the same may output a high-quality sound of a broad soundband, may realize a sound field that may fully fill a whole screen, andmay enhance an immersion experience of a viewer due to harmony (ormatch) between an image and a sound. The display apparatus and thecomputing apparatus including the same according to the presentdisclosure may thus improve a sound characteristic of a low-pitchedsound band and/or a high-pitched sound band.

Moreover, when the display apparatus and the computing apparatusincluding the same according to the present disclosure each include theenclosure for preventing (or attenuating) a horizontal vibration of thevibration plate, the total harmonic distortion of the vibration platemay be reduced. Thus, sound quality and a sound pressure characteristicmay be enhanced.

A display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the sameaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure the presentdisclosure will be described below.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a displayapparatus may include: a display module including a display panelconfigured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface ofthe display module, a connection member between the rear surface of thedisplay module and the vibration plate, at least one vibration module onthe vibration plate, and an enclosure between the rear surface of thedisplay module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apartfrom the at least one vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the atleast one vibration module.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the connection member may surround the enclosure.For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may further include a first air gap between thedisplay module and the vibration plate, the first air gap including atleast one second air gap surrounding the at least one vibration module.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the enclosure may include one or more of: adouble-sided adhesive tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and adouble-sided foam pad. For example, in the display apparatus accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one vibrationmodule may include a vibration-generating device attached to or providedon the vibration plate by an adhesive member, the vibration-generatingdevice may include: a pair of first sides parallel to a first direction,each having a first length, and a pair of second sides parallel to asecond direction intersecting the first direction, each having a secondlength, and a first distance between the enclosure and each of the pairof second sides of the vibration-generating device may be one to threetimes the first length, with respect to the first direction.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, a second distance between the enclosure and each ofthe pair of first sides of the vibration-generating device may be 0.5 to1.5 times the second length, with respect to the second direction. Forexample, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, in the vibration-generating device, the first lengthmay be shorter than the second length.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the enclosure may include: a first enclosing memberspaced apart from the vibration-generating device, and in parallel withthe first direction, a second enclosing member in parallel with thefirst enclosing member, with the vibration-generating devicetherebetween, a third enclosing member spaced apart front thevibration-generating device, and in parallel with the second direction,and a fourth enclosing member in parallel with the third enclosingmember, with the vibration-generating device therebetween. For example,in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the vibration-generating device may include a piezoelectricmaterial layer.

For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may further include a protection member on the rearsurface of the display module, facing the at least one vibration module.For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may further include a protection member on the atleast one vibration module.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the display module may include: a panel guideconfigured to support the display panel, a backlight unit on the rearsurface of the display panel, and a supporting cover configured to:support the panel guide, and accommodate the backlight unit, thevibration plate may be on a rear surface of the supporting cover, andeach of the connection member and the enclosure may be between the rearsurface of the supporting cover and the vibration plate. For example,the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a protection member on the rear surfaceof the supporting cover, facing the at least one vibration module. Forexample, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the supporting cover may include an opening facingthe at least one vibration module, and a size of the opening may bewider than a size of the at least one vibration module.

For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the display panel may include a plurality of pixels,each including a respective light-emitting device, the vibration platemay be on the rear surface of the display panel, and each of theconnection member and the enclosure may be between the rear surface ofthe supporting cover and the vibration plate. For example, the displayapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayfurther include a system rear cover on a rear surface of the vibrationplate with a third air gap therebetween, the system rear coverincluding: a rear structure covering the rear surface of the vibrationplate, and a side structure surrounding a side surface of the displaymodule, with a border gap therebetween.

For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may further include a system front cover covering aperiphery of a front surface of the display module and the border gap,the system front cover including at least one sound emission partoverlapping the border gap. For example, in the display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibrationplate may include one or more of: magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), an Alalloy material, a Mg alloy material, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloymaterial.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computingapparatus may include: a system body, a display apparatus, including: adisplay module including a display panel configured to display an image,a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connectionmember between the rear surface of the display module and the vibrationplate, a vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosurebetween the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate,the enclosure being spaced apart from the vibration module, theenclosure surrounding the vibration module, and a hinge part between thesystem body and the display apparatus, the hinge part being configuredto rotatably support the display apparatus. For example, the computingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayfurther include an embedded speaker in the system body.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations may be made in the present disclosurewithout departing from the technical idea or scope of the disclosure.Thus, it may be intended that embodiments of the present disclosurecover the modifications and variations of the disclosure provided theycome within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus, comprising: a display modulecomprising a display panel configured to display an image; a vibrationplate on a rear surface of the display module; at least onevibration-generating device on the vibration plate; and at least oneenclosure surrounding the at least one vibration-generating device,wherein the at least one vibration-generating device comprises: a pairof first sides parallel to a first direction, each of the pair of firstsides having a first length, and a pair of second sides parallel to asecond direction perpendicular to the first direction, each of the pairof second sides having a second length, the second length being largerthan the first length, and wherein the at least one enclosure comprises:a pair of first sides parallel to the first direction, each of the pairof first sides of the at least one enclosure having a third length, thethird length being larger than the first length, and a pair of secondsides parallel to the second direction, each of the pair of second sidesof the at least one enclosure having a fourth length, the fourth lengthbeing larger than the second length.
 2. The display apparatus of claim1, wherein the fourth length is larger than or equal to the thirdlength.
 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first distance,between the at least one vibration-generating device and the enclosure,is larger than the first length.
 4. The display apparatus of claim 1,wherein a first distance, between the at least one vibration-generatingdevice and the enclosure, is larger than the first length and shorterthan 2 to 3 times the first length.
 5. The display apparatus of claim 1,wherein a first distance, between the at least one vibration-generatingdevice and the enclosure, is larger than the second length or 1.5 timesthe second length.
 6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein a seconddistance, between the at least one vibration-generating device and theenclosure, is larger than the first length.
 7. The display apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein a second distance, between the at least onevibration-generating device and the enclosure, is larger than the firstlength and shorter than or equal to 2.5 times the second length.
 8. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein a second distance, between the atleast one vibration-generating device and the enclosure, is larger thanthe second length.
 9. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein: thesecond distance is larger than the second length; and the seconddistance shorter than or equal to 1.5 times the second length.
 10. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a connection membersurrounding the at least one enclosure between the display module andthe vibration plate, wherein the connection member provides a first airgap between the display module and the vibration plate, and wherein theat least one enclosure provides at least one second air gap surroundingthe at least one vibration module.
 11. The display apparatus of claim 1,wherein the at least one enclosure comprises one or more of: adouble-sided adhesive tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and adouble-sided foam pad.
 12. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein theat least one vibration-generating device comprises a piezoelectricmaterial layer.
 13. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the atleast one enclosure comprises: a first enclosure surrounding the atleast one vibration module; and a second enclosure surrounding the firstenclosure.
 14. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the displaymodule comprises: a panel guide on a rear surface of the display panel;a backlight part on the rear surface of the display panel; and asupporting cover on a rear surface of the panel guide, the supportingcover being configured to accommodate the backlight part, the vibrationplate is on a rear surface of the supporting cover; and the enclosure isbetween the rear surface of the supporting cover and the vibrationplate.
 15. The display apparatus of claim 14, further comprising aprotection member on the rear surface of the supporting cover.
 16. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 14, wherein: the supporting cover comprisesan opening facing the at least one vibration module; and a size of theopening is wider than a size of the at least one vibration module. 17.The display apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a system rearcover on a rear surface of the vibration plate with a third air gaptherebetween, wherein the system rear cover comprising: a rear structureon a rear surface of the vibration plate; and a side structuresurrounding a side surface of the display module, with a border gaptherebetween.
 18. The display apparatus of claim 17, further comprisinga system front cover on a periphery of a front surface of the displaymodule and the border gap, the system front cover comprising at leastone sound emission part overlapping the border gap.
 19. The displayapparatus of claim 1, wherein the vibration plate comprises one or moreof: magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), an Al alloy material, a Mg alloymaterial, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloy material.
 20. A computingapparatus, comprising: a system body; and a display apparatus,comprising: a display module comprising a display panel configured todisplay an image; a vibration plate on a rear surface of the displaymodule; a vibration module comprising at least one vibration-generatingdevice on the vibration plate; and at least one enclosure surroundingthe at least one vibration-generating device between the rear surface ofthe display module and the vibration plate; and a hinge part between thesystem body and the display apparatus, wherein the at least onevibration-generating device comprises: a pair of first sides parallel toa first direction, each of the pair of first sides having a firstlength, and a pair of second sides parallel to a second directionperpendicular to the first direction, each of the pair of second sideshaving a second length, the second length being larger than the firstlength, and wherein the at least one enclosure comprises: a pair offirst sides parallel to the first direction, each of the pair of firstsides of the at least one enclosure having a third length, the thirdlength being larger than the first length, and a pair of second sidesparallel to the second direction, each of the pair of second sides ofthe at least one enclosure having a fourth length, the fourth lengthbeing larger than the second length.
 21. The computing apparatus ofclaim 20, further comprising an embedded speaker in the system body. 22.A display apparatus, comprising: a display module comprising a displaypanel configured to display an image; a vibration plate on a rearsurface of the display module; at least one vibration-generating deviceon the vibration plate; and at least one enclosure surrounding the atleast one vibration-generating device, wherein the at least onevibration-generating device comprises: a pair of first sides parallel toa first direction, each of the pair of first sides having a firstlength, and a pair of second sides parallel to a second directionperpendicular to the first direction, each of the pair of second sideshaving a second length, the second length being larger than the firstlength, wherein the at least one enclosure comprises: a first distancebetween each of the pair of first sides of the at least onevibration-generating device and the at least one enclosure, the firstdistance being larger than the first length, and a second distancebetween each of the pair of second sides of the at least onevibration-generating device and the at least one enclosure, the seconddistance being larger than the second length.
 23. The display apparatusof claim 22, wherein the first distance is larger than the secondlength.
 24. The display apparatus of claim 22, wherein the seconddistance is larger than the first length.
 25. The display apparatus ofclaim 22, wherein the vibration plate comprises one or more of:magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), an Al alloy material, a Mg alloymaterial, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloy material.
 26. The displayapparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one vibration-generatingdevice comprises a piezoelectric material layer.